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[50] The last outside the Philippines died in 1988 in the Antwerp Zoo, where it had lived since 1964 (except for a period at the Planckendael Zoo in Belgium). The Philippine eagle is an endangered species of eagle native to forests in the Philippines. [31] Both parents take care of the eaglet for a total of 20 months and, unless the previous nesting attempt had failed, the eagles can breed only in alternate years. Earlier, the territory has been estimated at about 100 km2 (39 sq mi), but a study on Mindanao Island found the nearest distance between breeding pairs to be about 13 km (8.1 mi) on average, resulting in a circular plot of 133 km2 (51 sq mi). The Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), also known as the monkey-eating eagle or great Philippine eagle, is an endangered species of eagle of the family Accipitridae which is endemic to forests in the Philippines. [16], The Philippine eagle is endemic to the Philippines and can be found on four major islands: eastern Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao. In recent years, protected lands have been established specifically for this species, such as the 700 km2 (170,000 acres) of Cabuaya Forest and the 37.2 km2 (9,200 acres) of Taft Forest Wildlife Sanctuary on Samar. It has brown and white-colored plumage, a shaggy crest, and generally measures 86 to 102 cm (2.82 to 3.35 ft) in length and weighs 4.04 to 8.0 kg (8.9 to 17.6 lb). Philippine Eagle, 220 cm (86.6 inches) The Philippine eagle is the largest and heaviest known eagle. [19] In many of the other large eagle species, the size difference between adult females and males can exceed 20%. The female matures sexually at five years of age and the male at seven. 615, series of 1995. This eagle, because of its size and rarity, is also a highly desired bird for birdwatchers. Another eagle, Kagsabua, was released in March 2008, but was shot and eaten by a farmer. Juveniles are similar to adults except their upperpart feathers have pale fringes. [8], Upon its scientific discovery, the Philippine eagle was first called the monkey-eating eagle because of reports from natives of Bonga, Samar, where the species was first discovered, that it preyed exclusively on monkeys;[9] from these reports it gained its generic name, from the Greek pithecus (πίθηκος) ("ape or monkey") and phagus (-φάγος) ("eater of"). Its diet varies depending on the availability of prey on different islands. Alvarez. The eagle has a dark face and a creamy-brown nape and crown. The eagle's eyes are blue-gray. [3][25], The maximum reported weight is surpassed by two other eagles (the harpy and Steller's sea eagles) and the wings are shorter than large eagles of open country (such as the white-tailed eagle, Steller's sea eagle, martial eagle, or wedge-tailed eagle), but are quite broad. The Southeast Asian country declared it as its national bird and protects this critically-endangered species at all costs, punishing those who are found guilty of killing it with 12 years of imprisonment or with high fines. The first captive-bred bird to be released in the wild, Kabayan, was released in 2004 on Mindanao; however, he was accidentally electrocuted in January 2005. Aerial displays also play a major role in the courtship. [13], A study of the skeletal features in 1919 led to the suggestion that the nearest relative was the harpy eagle. [11], Apart from Philippine eagle and monkey-eating eagle, it has also been called the great Philippine eagle. [30][31] If an egg fails to hatch or the chick dies early, the parents likely lay another egg the following year. [31], Both sexes help feed the newly hatched eaglet. It is considered to be one of … [6], The first European to study the species was the English explorer and naturalist John Whitehead in 1896, who observed the bird and whose servant, Juan, collected the first specimen a few weeks later. [20][21], The level of sexual dimorphism in size is not certain, but the male is believed to be typically about 10% smaller than the female,[3] and this is supported by the average length provided for males and females in one source. Eagle pairs sometimes hunt troops of monkeys cooperatively, with one bird perching nearby to distract the primates, allowing the other to swoop in from behind, hopefully unnoticed, for the kill. Killing a Philippine eagle is punishable under Philippine law by up to 12 years in prison and heavy fines. Like most eagles, the Philippine eagle is monogamous. Females can be 10% larger than males. This eagle, because of its size and rarity, is also a highly desired bird for birdwatchers. Prey specimens found at the eagle's nest have ranged in size from a small bat weighing 10 g (0.35 oz) to a Philippine deer weighing 14 kg (31 lb). Only an estimated 9,220 km2 (2,280,000 acres) of old-growth forest remain in the bird's range. This may be because the first examined specimen was found to have undigested pieces of a monkey in its stomach. [8][28], This eagle is found in dipterocarp and midmontane forests, particularly in steep areas. The nests are lined with green leaves, and can be around 1.5 m (4.9 ft) across. [3] The tarsus of the Philippine eagle ties as the longest of any eagle from 12.2 to 14.5 cm (4.8 to 5.7 in) long, which is about the same length as that of the much smaller but relatively long-legged New Guinea eagle. The Philippine Eagle Foundation in Davao City, is one organization dedicated to the protection and conservation of the Philippine eagle and its forest habitat. The heavy legs are yellow, with large, powerful, dark claws, and the prominent, large, high-arched, deep beak is a bluish-gray. Its bill averages 7.22 cm (2.84 in) in length from the gape. Only six pairs are found on Samar, two on Leyte, and a few on Luzon. [8][30] As in many other large raptors, the eagle's nest resembles a huge platform made of sticks. [3] For adult Philippine eagles, the complete weight range has been reported as 4.7 to 8.0 kg (10.4 to 17.6 lb),[3][22][23] while others have found the average was somewhat lower than the above range would indicate, at 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) for males and 6.0 kg (13.2 lb) for females. The eagle's eyes are blue-gray. They inhabit moist and montane forests, particularly in steep and rugged areas. These hunters have a very sharp vision that is eight times better than that of humans. [3][35] Even nests have no predators other than humans, as even known nest predators such as palm civets and macaques (being prey species) are likely to actively avoid any area with regular eagle activity. Mining, pollution, exposure to pesticides that affect breeding, and poaching are also major threats. When begging for food, juveniles are known to produce a series of high-pitched calls. [46][47], The Philippine eagle was officially declared the national bird of the Philippines on July 4, 1995 by President Fidel V. Ramos under Proclamation No. Old-growth forest is being lost at a high rate, and most of the forest in the lowlands is owned by logging companies. [40][41][42] Charles Lindbergh, best known for crossing the Atlantic alone and without stopping in 1927, was fascinated by this eagle. [7] The nest is normally built on an emergent dipterocarp, or any tall tree with an open crown, in primary or disturbed forest. The Philippine Eagle Foundation has successfully bred Philippine eagles in captivity for over a decade and conducted the first experimental release of a captive-bred eagle to the wild. [7], In June 2019, a pair of Philippine eagles were loaned to Singapore as part of conservation efforts for the species in addition to commemorating ties between the Philippines and Singapore. [37][16] At that time, the IUCN believed that between 180 and 500 Philippine eagles survive in the Philippines. Both parents help feed the newly hatched eaglet. These displays include paired soaring over a nesting territory, the male chasing the female in a diagonal dive, and mutual talon presentation, where the male presents his talons to the female's back and she flips over in midair to present her own talons. Old-growth forest is being lost at a high rate, and most of the forest in the lowlands is owned by logging companies. [29], The species' flight is fast and agile, resembling the smaller hawks more than similar large birds of prey. [3] The very large but laterally compressed bill rivals the size of Steller's sea eagle's as the largest bill for an extant eagle. Each breeding pair requires a large home range to successfully raise a chick, thus the species is extremely vulnerable to deforestation. [7] The amount of rainfall and population of prey may also affect the breeding season. Their primary prey species is the Philippine flying lemur, although they also hunt palm civets, monkeys, snakes, monitor lizards and … [7] If one dies, the remaining eagle often searches for a new mate to replace the one lost. [8] Mining, pollution, exposure to pesticides that affect breeding, and poaching are also major threats. Additionally, the parents have been observed taking turns shielding the eaglet from the sun and rain until it is seven weeks old. 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