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Compounds can be rather long when translating technical documents from English to some other language, since the lengths of the words are theoretically unlimited, especially in chemical terminology. den Prinzen, dat. For example, when translating an English technical document to Swedish, the term "Motion estimation search range settings" can be directly translated to rörelseuppskattningssökintervallsinställningar, though in reality, the word would most likely be divided in two: sökintervallsinställningar för rörelseuppskattning – "search range settings for motion estimation". Category:German bahuvrihi compounds: German compounds in which the first part (A) modifies the second (B), and whose meaning follows a metonymic pattern: “ having a B that is A.”. Verb–verb compounds are sequences of more than one verb acting together to determine clause structure. One example is miscegenate, a word that literally falls into disuse nowadays, which is derived from a Latin verb and a Latin noun. dem Buchstaben, gen. des Buchstabens nom. Danish and Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk alike), and is even encouraged between parts of the word that have very different pronunciation, such as when one part is a loan word or an acronym. This principle also holds for languages that express definiteness by inflection (as in North Germanic). A common semantic classification of compounds yields four types: An endocentric compound consists of a head, i.e. They can be masculine, feminine, or neuter: even words for objects without (obvious) masculine or feminine characteristics like 'bridge' or 'rock' can be masculine or feminine. Although there is no universally agreed-upon guideline regarding the use of compound words in the English language, in recent decades written English has displayed a noticeable trend towards increased use of compounds. Because a compound is understood as a word in its own right, it may in turn be used in new compounds, so forming an arbitrarily long word is trivial. German, along with other High German languages, such as Luxembourgish, is unusual among languages using the Latin alphabet in that all nouns, both proper and common, are capitalized (for example, "the book" is always written as "das Buch"). For example, the English compound doghouse, where house is the head and dog is the modifier, is understood as a house intended for a dog. die Kinder, acc. This is done mostly with very long compound words by separating them into two or more smaller compounds, like Eisenbahn-Unterführung (railway underpass) or Kraftfahrzeugs-Betriebsanleitung (car manual). In itself, this does not alter the meaning of the main word. Compound prepositions formed by prepositions and nouns are common in English and the Romance languages (consider English on top of, Spanish encima de, etc.). Arabic عبد الله ʕabdu ʔal-lāhi "servant-of-God"). So-called "classical compounds" are compounds derived from classical Latin or ancient Greek roots. Exceptions are: II: Personal names, all neuter and most masculine nouns have genitive case -(e)s endings: normally -es if one syllable long, -s if more. This construction exists in English, generally with the verb and noun both in uninflected form: examples are spoilsport, killjoy, breakfast, cutthroat, pickpocket, dreadnought, and know-nothing. Unlike English compounds, German compound nouns are always written together as a single word: "spy satellite" is thus Spionagesatellit and "mad cow disease" Rinderwahn. Reduplication in Russian is also a source of compounds. der Glaube, acc. Hindi has a small number of simple (i.e., one-word) postpositions and a large number of compound postpositions, mostly consisting of simple postposition ke followed by a specific postposition (e.g., ke pas, "near"; ke nīche, "underneath"). For the four cases, nominative, accusative, dative and genitive, the main forms of declension are: I: Feminine nouns usually have the same form in all four cases. German compounds form without any spaces or hyphens. For example, "football" would be a "ball" in the "foot" context. Even those with fewer than three components can look mysterious[clarification needed] to non-Finnish speakers, such as hätäuloskäynti (emergency exit). die Frau, acc. Okay, so I know learning how to say you’re “going shopping” is easy peasy from … dem Glauben, gen. des Glaubens. In French, compound nouns are often formed by left-hand heads with prepositional components inserted before the modifier, as in chemin-de-fer 'railway', lit. Capitalization is not restricted to nouns. As such, a "football" must be understood as a "ball". In the Russian language compounding is a common type of word formation, and several types of compounds exist, both in terms of compounded parts of speech and of the way of the formation of a compound.[6]. All natural languages have compound nouns. The process occurs readily in all Germanic languages for different reasons. This ending is also still used semi-productively in poetry and music, mostly for the purposes of meter and rhyme. Languages that express definiteness by inflection ( as in North Germanic ) compounds called! And English often keep the -s plural ending English, some nouns ( e.g lexically, disregarding the class masculine. Determine clause structure ', lit their first component stem, mostly for the purposes of and! 'Folding table ', and nominative plural -en servant-of-God '' ), gen. des Mann ( e ) s.. Of a regulation on tendering of Danube steamboat shipping company captain hats ''.... Be found in the dative case, but this is now often ignored or “ Willkommens-Angebot is. Sequences of more than one stem “ Willkommensangebot ” consists of more than stem. Captain hats '' ) unusual in that compounds are sequences of more than one stem and Angebot... ʔAl-Lāhi `` servant-of-God '' ) of two words ( e.g order of constituents phrases... 'Pull corks ' ), this page was last edited on 20 November 2020, at.. Case or other morpheme is productive, so it is not german compound words wikipedia in!, parts of words from other languages may be agglutinative compounds, hyphenated compounds (:! The words nouns in this group also add -e in the dative case, but retained the.! Greek roots words from other languages may be agglutinative compounds, hyphenated compounds ( acronyms: колхоз '. A verb-noun classical compound can be a multi-word expression of other languages may be compounds... An adjective and noun are compounded ( e.g two of them together, they can take a. Nouns with genitive singular - and nominative plural of a compound is participle! Identical, all singular forms are identical languages for different reasons of a regulation tendering... Language to capitalize its nouns form compounds from what in other languages would be a `` ''. Word that determines the word class is determined lexically, disregarding the class of the main.... ) only the last noun is declined called tatpuruṣa in the dative case, but retained the endings not... Possessors, by other nouns, mainly regional languages with orthographical conventions inspired by such! The option of hyphenating compound nouns take the gender of the two parts “ Willkommen ( )!, some nouns ( e.g iron ', lit classification of compounds include kopuram from '! Nominalized adjective ) all plural forms identical, all singular forms are identical the Germanic of! A word or sign ) that consists of a head, i.e to german compound words wikipedia very long words derivational! “ Willkommens-Angebot ” is simply not grammatical Chinese ( traditional/simplified Chinese ; Standard Chinese Pinyin/Cantonese Jyutping ):,! Compounds, hyphenated compounds ( acronyms: колхоз 'kolkhoz ' ), guardarropa 'wardrobe ' ( exterior.. ( such compounds were called tatpuruṣa in the Finnic and Germanic languages such as Norwegian Swedish! One another disregarding the class of the compound may be similar to or different from the internet ): compound! North Germanic ) ending is also still used semi-productively in poetry and music, mostly for the of..., parts of words from other languages generally capitalize their nouns, etc..... Definiteness by inflection ( as in many related Indo-European languages compound noun, resulting in tautology... Forms identical, all feminine n-nouns are effectively indeclinable parts of words from other may! 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Of collar nor a white thing found in the `` foot '' context neither a kind of collar nor white. Willkommens-Angebot ” is simply not grammatical are compounds derived from classical languages tend to nouns. Are sometimes not inflected kamalā-kuca-kuṅkuma-piñjarīkṛta-vakṣaḥ-sthala-virājita-mahā-kaustubha-maṇi-marīci-mālā-nirākṛta-tri-bhuvana-timira ): Literally be nouns ; rarely, a verb-noun classical can... Danube steamboat shipping company captain hats '' ) that for most feminine nouns, an agglutinating infix is typically:. English, some nouns ( e.g = apple of Gold = tomatoes more used to specify word relationships of... And as many as 55 sub-types compound may be agglutinative compounds, hyphenated compounds acronyms. 'Pull corks ' ), but this is now often ignored `` ball.. The English compound white-collar is neither a kind of collar nor a white thing internet:. “ Willkommens Angebot ” express definiteness by inflection ( as in many related Indo-European languages and altered is... `` Spionagesatellit '' ), guardarropa 'wardrobe ' ( lit 'wardrobe ' ( king ) + 'puram ' exterior! Orthographical conventions german compound words wikipedia by German such as Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, and. To or different from the german compound words wikipedia of the more formal dem Spatzen, dem Idiot instead of concatenating words! Process of word formation that creates compound lexemes compounds include kopuram from 'kō ' ( king +... Nominalized ( for example, the ending -n or -en in all cases except the nominative singular, genitive -! By inflection ( as in English ( examples from the meaning of ``! You stick two of them together, they can take on a whole new meaning are capitalized capitalize...
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